May 25, 2019

کام کرنے کی جگہوں پر جنسی ہراسانی

Originally published here HumSub

ہم نے ہمیشہ یہی سنا ہے کہ قانون اندھا ہوتا ہے اور قانون کے لئے سب برابر ہیں. کیا یہ بات حقیقت ہے؟ اصولی طور پر تو قانون کو اندھا نہیں، بلکہ منصف ہونا چاہیے کیوںکہ اندھا ہونے کی صورت میں تووہ استغاثہ اور دفاع دونوں ہی کو نقصان پہنچا سکتا ہے.

پاکستان میں قانون بہت لیکن استعمال اتنا ہی جتنا آٹے میں نمک!

میشا شفی کے ساتھ جو ہوا غلط ہوا، لیکن معاشرتی طور پر ایک فائدہ یہ ہوا کہ لوگوں کو جنسی ہراسائی کی قانونی سمجھ بوجھ آگئی. میشا شفی ایک مشہور شخصیت ہونے کے ساتھ ساتھ بااثر بھی ہیں جو اپنے حقوق سے بخوبی واقف ہیں اور ان کے لئے لڑنے کی صلاحیت بھی رکھتی ہیں. اس کیس کے دوران ہم نے دیکھا کے انکا خاندان، دوست، اور متعدد چاہنے والے ان کے ساتھ کھڑے ہیں.

بدقسمتی سے ہر کسی کے نصیب میں نہ اتنی ہمّت ہے کہ وہ جنسی طورپرہراساں  ہونے کی شکایات کر سکے یا اس کے خلاف کیس لڑ سکے. آئے دن ہم مدرسے میں ہونے والے گھنونے واقعات کی ویڈیوز دیکھتے ہیں، خبریں سنتے ہیں لیکن کیا کسی والدین نے کیس لڑا؟ جیتا؟ .......شاید نہیں!

ہمارے ملک میں قانون تو ہے لیکن سجا سجایا. بلکل قرآن پاک کی طرح جس کو ہم گھر میں سب سے بہترین کپڑے میں لپیٹ کرطاق پر رکھ دیتے ہیں اور کبھی کبھی کھول کر دیکھ لیتے ہیں. 

اپریل ٢٠١٨ میں ڈان اخبار نے ایک آن لائن سروے کیا جو تقریباً ٣٠٠ عورتوں پر مشتمل تھا. اس سروے ک مطابق ٨٣% عورتوں کا ماننا تھا کہ دفاتر میں عمومی طور پر مرد نامناسب روّیہ اختیار کئے رہتے ہیں کیوںکہ انہیں یقین ہوتا ہے کے کوئی کاروائی یا چارہ جوئی نہیں ہوگی. 
یہ بات قابل غور ہے کہ پاکستان میں دفاتر میں ہونے والی جنسی ہراسائی کے لئے قانون موجود ہے:

Protection against Harassment of Women at the Workplace Act 2010:"Harassment as any unwelcome sexual advance, request for sexual favors or other verbal or written communication or physical conduct of a sexual nature or sexually demeaning attitudes, causing interference with work performance or creating an intimidating, hostile or offensive work environment, or the attempt to punish the complainant for refusal to comply with such a request or is made a condition of employment."

پاکستان کا کوئی حصّہ یا طبقہ ایسا نہیں ہے جہاں کام کرنے والی عورتوں کو ہراساں ہونے کا تجربہ نہ ہوا ہو. ٩ سال گزرنے کے باوجود مندرجہ بالا قانون سے کئی عورتیں ناواقف ہیں یا ڈرتی ہیں کے انصاف کے کٹہرے میں ان کی دھجیاں نہ اڑا دی جایئں. 
وزیر قانون و انصاف بیرسٹر فروغ نسیم کے مطابق ٢٠١٤ سے ٢٠١٨ کے درمیان ٣٧٨ کیسز رپورٹ ہوئے ہیں ملک بھر سے، جن میں سے ٢٢٠ شکایات حکومتی اداروں سے آئ تھیں. 

جب بات آتی ہے اداروں کی تو ہمارا پہلا خیال یہ ہوتا ہے کہ شاید تعلیمی ادارے اس سے محفوظ ہوں. آخر کو استاد تو روحانی والدین کا درجہ رکھتے ہیں اور پھر تعلیم و تدریس بذات خود ایک انتہائی عزت دار پیشہ ہے.

ان تمام باتوں کے باوجود، پروٹیکشن ایکٹ ٢٠١٠ کے تحت موصول ہونے والی شکایات میں قائد اعظم، LUMS، جیسی یونیورسٹیز شامل تھیں.

٢٠١٨ میں ایک اور مشہور کیس اخباروں کی زینت بنا تھا جب پاکستان کے جانے مانے اردو کے شاعر پروفیسر سحر انصاری پر جنسی ہراسائ کا کیس ہوا تھا. پروفیسر صاحب کسی تعارف کے محتاج نہیں ہیں بلکہ اردو کی خدمات کے انجام میں حکومت پاکستان سےستارہ-امتیاز بھی حاصل کر چکے ہیں. 

شکایات درج کرنے والی خاتون خود بھی اسسٹنٹ پروفیسر تھیں اور ان کے ساتھ یہ واقعہ ٢٠١٦ میں پیش آیا تھا. اس شکایت کی بنیاد پر جامعہ کراچی نے ایک کمیٹی تشکیل دی جس نے ایک ماہ کے اندر پروفیسر صاحب کو کلین چٹ دے دی. 

خاتون برحق تھیں تو انہوں نے سندھ صوبائی محتسب کو اپیل دائر کی جس نے سوا سال بعد اگست ٢٠١٧ میں جامعہ کراچی کی کمیٹی رپورٹ کو رد کر کے نئی کمیٹی، پروٹیکشن ایکٹ ٢٠١٠ کے تحت تشکیل کرنے کا حکم دیا. 
جنوری ٢٠١٨ میں حتمی فیصلہ یہ ہوا کہ پروفیسر سحر انصاری پر ہراسائی کی شکایت ثابت ہوئی جس میں جامعہ کراچی کی جانب سے کئی طالبات کی شکایات بھی شامل تھیں اور جامعہ کے چند ملازمین کی گواہی بھی شامل تھی.

پھر کیا ہوا؟
کوئی نہیں جانتا!

سندھ محتسب نے ایک بہترین قدم اٹھایا لیکن کیا اس کو مثالی بنا پائے؟ کیا پروفیسر سحر انصاری پر قانونی فیصلہ محفوظ ہوا؟  کیا جامعہ کراچی نے اس سلسلے میں پیش و رفت کی؟ مستقبل میں اساتذہ اور طالبات کو محفوظ بنانے کے لئے کیا اقدام کئے؟ 


حکومت پاکستان میں وفاق نے ایک پوری وزارت اس پروٹیکشن ایکٹ کے لئے محفوظ کی ہے جس کی وزیر اس وقت کشمالہ طارق ہیں. مجھے یقین ہے اگر حکومت چاہے تو اس قانون کو ہرچھوٹے بڑے دفاتر میں عمل میں لا سکتی ہے. عورتوں کو اس قانون کے بارے میں آگاہ کیا جائے، ان کو ان کے حقوق کا احساس دلایا جائے اور ساتھ ہی ساتھ اس بات کو یقینی بنایا جائے کہ انکی شکایات اور کیسز کو منطقی انجام تک پہنچایا جائے گا.  

جب فیصلے ہوا میں معلق ہوں، توقانون پر سے یقین ڈگمگانے لگتا ہے جو معاشرتی طور پر خطرناک ہے. پاکستان میں دفاتر میں ہونے والی ہراسائی کے خلاف ایک مثبت قانون ہے جس کا یقینی استعمال ضروری ہے. 












  

May 24, 2019

ALAMUT - The sacred secret

Before I begin to review this book, I would like to establish a few pointers in order to avoid any backlash or unacceptable criticism:
• This is a historical FICTION, based on religion and sects. Hence, please be tolerant and if you are not then you should not delve into reading it at all
• In case you think, this book, by any means, has tried to harm Ismaili Muslims, then that is not the case. You can use this whole plot on any sect, and the outcomes will be the same
• Hassan ibn Sabbah and his Assassins are not fictitious in the course of history. There are many books which you can read in order to have a better understanding
I loved it!

Bartol wrote this novel in 9 months, back in 1938, far from Iran at the foothills of the Slovenian Alps. One would be surprised by his imaginative curiosity and character building. He did enough research work before he sat down to write this masterpiece which explains a lot of our modern terrorism.

The books will begin with the details of the castle of Alamut, located in northern Iran, governed by Hassan ibn Sabbah. These details will include the development and nurturing of Fidayeen – whom we know as Assassins – followed by the intricate explanation of “paradise”.
Bartol has cleverly avoided using word Assassins in his novel and instead calls them Living Daggers. There are certain theories and evidence, outside the novel, which indicate that the actual term was Assassiyoon which meant “people who are faithful to the foundation”. This term was turned into Assassin or Hashashin given their use of hash pellets.

In this novel, you will not find any Fidayeen/Assassin to work in a way that we have seen in movies or have heard so. Instead, the description reminded me of listening to the recovered children from our Pakistan Army operations. Those children were sent into rehabilitation and army also found a fake “Jannat” which had an enormous number of inappropriate movies, and literature to lure the youth.

The use of word Infidel highlights the fact that how easy it is to create warriors in any era of human beings. Bartol has also used the color coding in accordance to the basic belief of black & white where Ibn Sabbah is always in a white cloak and his army has a white flag, whereas the opposition has it black.

The character of Hassan ibn Sabbah and his detailed conversations with his aides are exemplary and mentally challenging. They might provoke your inner Muslim, but it is actually meant to give you food for thought. The way Bartol has to draw the character of Ibn Sabbah, you can put any Molvi or Bin Laden for that matter in that sketch and everything will fall into place.

My favorite part of this novel is Ibn Sabbah’s last conversation with one of his fidayeen Ibn Tahir. 

Last but not least, the title cover of this book!

Image by Shireen Neshat
Poetry by Forough Farrokhzad

"No one is thinking about flowers.
No one is thinking about the fish.
No one wants to believe that the garden is dying,
that the garden is slowly forgetting its green moments."

The way I have understood the role of women in this novel, I believe this is the most appropriate piece of poetry. As we all know, no paradise is complete without the “Houris”, Ibn Sabbah also ensured to have the most beautiful ones in his paradise. The character of one of the houris is called Miriam, and her image and lifestyle along with other houris explain that a cage is a cage even if it is made of gold. The ending of the novel includes his belief about the women living in his paradise which is in line with this piece of poetry.

ALAMUT is 5/5

May 3, 2019

Even Pakistani Tinder Isn’t Safe From Married Men


Originally published here NayaDaur



“What were you doing on Tinder?”

Khadija* was expecting anything but this. She was talking to the wife of a man who had recently deceived her. She had met this man on the dating app Tinder where they had immediately struck up a lively conversation. He told her that he was divorced and she had taken most of what he said on face value, convincing as his tales of the every day seemed. Even when she met him in real life, she did not think anything was amiss. 

But several months later the game of deception had finally come to an end after Khadija found out about his wife and children through a network of women online who have each other’s backs in matters like these and keep a check on philandering men through various whisper networks. This is what had brought Khadija and Sameen together to talk about the man who had deceived them both.

The most notable part of this awkward conversation was that the wife wanted to know why Khadija had been on Tinder to begin with. “Because I am single”, sputtered Khadija. I also told her “You should be asking your husband this question, not me”, she says, putting her glass of ice-filled cola on the table and trying to control herself.

In any civil society, people will not judge each other for being on a dating app. The judgment criteria begin when one lies about their marital status and think of oneself as a trophy that women are dying to take home.

Almost 2 decades back, we had chatrooms such as MSN, Yahoo, MIRC, or ICQ for meeting/dating new people. You could have entered a chatroom and befriended a boy disguised as a girl. This can still be considered comparatively better than finding yourself dating a man who has not put his legitimate marital status on the table.

Internet became further prevalent, and everything became on-the-go, courtesy of smart phones. Eventually, these rooms got replaced by exclusive dating apps such as Tinder, OkCupid, or the latest Muslim sensation called MuzMatch – a halal way to date.

Unlike West, Pakistan has nothing to offer to adults for casual socializing and that is when we resort to the modern mode of dating.

According to Zaafir*, a young engineer who regularly uses Tinder, dating in Pakistan is an act of rebel. A small gesture against cultural and social norms which bars you from meeting singles and know them. A country where women are still objectified and considered as “ghairat”, dating openly can be as dangerous as entering a tribal area without precaution.

Pakistan, where dating is anyway a taboo, such apps not only create room for potential companionship but also test users’ level of trust in strangers. An average Pakistani find it safer to look for a date online as compared to his or her surroundings where a judgment awaits by society.
Hasan* met his girlfriend on WeChat, a Chinese multipurpose messaging app. He is a 26year old, full-time student who accidentally found his partner on this app. Initially, the girl she met was using a fake identity for safety purpose but over time, as trust developed, she revealed her real identity. 

Two years later, they are still together. Hasan* thinks, it is unethical for committed or married people to be on a dating platform.

He further added that Pakistan is a culturally restricted society limits their chances to date or get-to-know a new person. Also, men and women have a conflict of interest where men are mostly looking for one-night stands, or rather a time-pass, while the majority of women go for something meaningful or deeper connection.

Pakistan is a tough country for single women and it becomes quite difficult for them to put themselves out there on dating platforms. In case you happen to be independent, outspoken, opinionated then Pakistani men tend to take you for granted and consider you as “available”. The sense of entitlement is quite evident on dating apps like Tinder where our desi men shamelessly date to demonstrate their masculinity.

Tinder already has around 57million users worldwide and can be ranked as one of the most growing dating apps in Pakistan.

Ideally, any dating app should be the hub of singletons looking for 50 shades of romance but, we rather find 50 shades of shadiness. Back in 2015, Global Web Index, an independent survey of Tinder found that around 30% of its users are married and 12% are highly committed in their relationships.

Such statistics can only speak of figures, but not the motive or authenticity of users!
Farheen*, a 33-year-old media professional, consumed by her work-life, gave Tinder a try. 
Just like Khadija*, she met a too-good-to-be-true guy, Mr. Z, whom she dated for a little over 2 months and eventually discovered that he is not only married but also fathering 2 children. 

Unfortunately, Farheen* was not his only prey but Mr. Z was a compulsive liar who had a wife, a steady girlfriend and a few side flings through dating apps.

Being married is not a problem, but what is problematic is deceiving multiple women at one point of time. Farheen* added, that such incidences can make people bitter and losing out on any chance of finding a reliable man.

Most men get away with such situations because they know, how easy it is to be a man in Pakistani society where they can be “themselves” in the name of patriarchy. Tinder is full of profiles where men literally write in their bio “Let’s not judge each other for being on Tinder” as if being on a dating app is a crime or a mortal sin.

While writing this piece, I spoke to many women who were duped by married men by showing themselves as single, separated, or even divorced. These men kept a smooth relationship, at max, a month or two and eventually their identity got revealed. Unfortunately, the most appalling part is that when wives learn of these incidents, they question the victim of deception before they question the deceiver – the husband.

A country like Pakistan, where sex and dating both are considered as best kept secret, these dating apps are giving avenues to married male to explore their fantasies.

Razee*, a 45year old married male, used OKCupid while going through a rough patch in his marriage. According to Razee, he could never find a match because he was honest about his marital status. OkCupid was his escape from marital life, responsibilities, and temporarily answered his fanciful desires in life.

Duplicity is an art, and not everyone can master it. Hence, Razee* had to withdraw himself from these dating apps where honesty could not get him a single date. Also, he mentioned that he did not have the guts to maintain an alternate identity just to fancy himself on cupidity.

But what makes a married man lie about his marital status?

“Well, it is all about how a man is raised because this is what leads to ineffective emotional awareness and communication with a partner.”, says Shazia Ahmed, a counseling psychologist.

According to Shazia, men are not taught how to recognize their emotions, and the only emotions they can have without shame are anger or aggression. Our primary issue begins when socially men are told that they are entitled to everything because they are men which eventually takes away their basic human need of being emotionally vulnerable.

Pakistani marriages are pre-dominantly arranged by parents which gives hardly any chances to two people to understand each other and match their frequency. Mostly in an arrange setup, it’s the men who has supremacy in relationship which takes away the equal sharing of responsibility and feelings towards each other.

In order to sustain a long-term partnership, man and woman both should work on it. Unfortunately, in Pakistani society, we put women through emotional labor of child upbringing, handling in-laws, and entertaining husband. While all this, the only standard expectation from a man is to be breadwinner.

Meanwhile, most of Pakistani wives are consumed in their chaotic marital life, their husbands find time to fulfill their fantasies and satisfy their ego through online mean and mode.

Shazia further explained, that men lack emotional awareness and deduce themselves to some attention from an unknown woman who is not bound by the same constraints as his wife. Instead of resolving their emotional needs with their partners, married men enjoy the attention and entitlement under the pretext of being single.

In a typical desi setup, where your parents chose your partner, you are very unlikely to develop that deep and secure emotional bond. Only this kind of bond has capability to communicate freely with your partner and share the weight of relationship, equally.

The time a man spends while talking to his Tinder match, he can choose to spend that with his wife while helping her with daily household labor. Unfortunately, most men are neither brought up nor they have seen other men helping their spouses. The way married men explain their fantasies to their online dates, they should rather try explaining them to their partners without any fear of being misunderstood.

If you cannot be principled enough in your marriage, one cannot expect you to have them on Tinder. 

The amount of creative thinking and labor, our men put into creating an alternative identity in online dating world, they should probably put that into their marriage.
This will save many women time and energy, both!